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Fed by the war in Chechnya, nationalist sentiment has
been on the rise in Russia, manifested in neo-Nazi marches, racially-motivated
crime and anti-Caucasus sentiment. A demonstration last week was a case in
point, sanctioned by Moscow authorities, it was organized by ultranationalists
ostensibly held to honor the victims of a February 6 blast in the Moscow metro,
which has been blamed on Chechen rebels. But the protest in Gorky Park turned
into a railing against foreign "invasion of Russia," with teenagers chanting
"Moscow is a Russian city. Russia for Russians. Moscow for Muscovites," and
holding up a banner that read: "Say no to registration (for foreigners), says
yes to deportation."
The subway blast, the last in a series of increasing
suicide attacks in Russia blamed on Chechen rebels, prompted anti-Caucasian
leaflets calling for protection of the "white race." The Chechen rebels have not
claimed responsibility for the blast.
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Activists such as Lev Ponomaryov of the "For Human
Rights" group say that Moscow's four-year-plus war in Chechnya is at the root of
the problem, sparking "hatred against an ethnic group (which) automatically
becomes racism". "The greatest concern is that there are no people who feel
shame for this," Levada said. "Xenophobia, which was part of new Russia's
history, was so far latent. Now it is legitimized," Ponomaryov said. An example
of this was the unexpected success of the nationalist Motherland (Rodina) bloc
in the December parliamentary elections. Another are television series showing
brave Russian troopers fighting Chechen "bandits", the latest vogue on Russia's
national channels. Other Russian ethnic groups have also been identified with
Chechens, forging what police call a "Caucasian individual," Levada said.
Caucasians already take care to stay away from Moscow markets on Hitler's
birthday and Army Day, fearing attacks by skinheads or celebrating soldiers.
Meanwhile, racial crimes make headlines almost every
week, such as last month's murder of a nine-year-old Tajik girl, who was stabbed
to death by suspected teenage skinheads Also last month, an African student from
Guinea-Bissau was clubbed to death in Voronezh, launching a swath of protests by
black students, though police had denied the racial nature of this crime.
According to the Expertisa foundation's recent
research, a third of all Russians would like to limit foreign access to Russia,
with 60 percent against Caucasians, 51 against the Chinese, 48 against the
Vietnamese, 47 against those originating in Central Asia, 28 percent against
Africans and Jews.
But another analyst, Boris Kagarlitsky, disagreed,
saying that "after the Soviet Union's fall, Soviet values such as international
friendship were automatically rejected, creating an ideological vacuum".
Moreover, groups such as the young people and intelligentsia were
"marginalized," demoralized by the shock of economic reforms and drawn to
radical trends, he said.
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